TEST – 2 

1. The term International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is also known as:
   A) Law of Armed Conflict
   B) Human Rights Law
   C) Criminal Law
   D) Civil Law
2. The primary purpose of IHL is to:
   A) Protect persons not participating in hostilities
   B) Promote trade among nations
   C) Define sovereignty
   D) Create treaties
3. The four Geneva Conventions were adopted in:
   A) 1949
   B) 1919
   C) 1969
   D) 1984
4. The First Geneva Convention deals with:
   A) Wounded and sick in the armed forces in the field
   B) Prisoners of war
   C) Civilians
   D) Refugees
5. The Second Geneva Convention deals with:
   A) Wounded and sick at sea
   B) Civilians
   C) Refugees
   D) Internally displaced persons
6. The Third Geneva Convention deals with:
   A) Prisoners of war
   B) Refugees
   C) Asylum seekers
   D) Diplomats
7. The Fourth Geneva Convention deals with:
   A) Civilians in time of war
   B) Combatants
   C) Refugees
   D) Spies
8. The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions were adopted in:
   A) 1977
   B) 1969
   C) 1954
   D) 1981
9. The Red Cross emblem signifies:
   A) Neutral humanitarian aid
   B) Military medical corps
   C) Refugee protection
   D) Peacekeeping forces
10. The principle of distinction in IHL requires:
    A) Differentiating between civilians and combatants
    B) Equal treatment of all
    C) Prohibition of weapons
    D) None of these
11. The principle of proportionality prohibits:
    A) Excessive use of force
    B) Self-defence
    C) Civilian evacuation
    D) Ceasefire
12. The Martens Clause is contained in:
    A) Hague Convention, 1899
    B) Geneva Convention, 1949
    C) UN Charter
    D) WTO Agreement
13. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is headquartered in:
    A) Geneva
    B) The Hague
    C) Paris
    D) New York
14. The concept of “War Crimes” is primarily governed by:
    A) Geneva Conventions
    B) UN Charter
    C) WTO
    D) WHO
15. Which of the following is not a war crime?
    A) Killing civilians intentionally
    B) Torture of prisoners
    C) Fair trial for prisoners
    D) Attacks on hospitals
16. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted in:
    A) 1998
    B) 1995
    C) 2000
    D) 1992
17. The ICC prosecutes individuals for:
    A) Genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, aggression
    B) Human rights violations only
    C) Treaty violations
    D) Economic offences
18. Who can refer a case to the ICC?
    A) UN Security Council, States Parties, or Prosecutor
    B) Only States Parties
    C) Only the Security Council
    D) ICJ
19. The term jus in bello refers to:
    A) Law during war
    B) Law before war
    C) Law after war
    D) Law of peace
20. The Hague Conventions primarily deal with:
    A) Conduct of hostilities
    B) Refugee protection
    C) Diplomatic law
    D) Maritime trade
21. The primary source of IHL is:
    A) Geneva Conventions
    B) UN Charter
    C) WTO Agreement
    D) Human Rights Covenants
22. The concept of “universal jurisdiction” allows states to:
    A) Prosecute certain crimes regardless of nationality
    B) Exercise global sovereignty
    C) Extradite all offenders
    D) Apply only domestic laws
23. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established in:
    A) 1993
    B) 1995
    C) 1990
    D) 2002
24. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was established in:
    A) 1994
    B) 1996
    C) 1992
    D) 1998
25. The Nuremberg Trials followed which war?
    A) World War II
    B) World War I
    C) Cold War
    D) Vietnam War
26. The concept of “Command Responsibility” means:
    A) Superiors liable for crimes of subordinates
    B) Self-defence in war
    C) Diplomatic immunity
    D) Refugee protection
27. Which of the following prohibits use of chemical weapons?
    A) Chemical Weapons Convention (1993)
    B) Geneva Convention (1949)
    C) Hague Convention (1907)
    D) UN Charter
28. The Biological Weapons Convention was adopted in:
    A) 1972
    B) 1980
    C) 1965
    D) 1990
29. The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) was adopted in:
    A) 1980
    B) 1998
    C) 1995
    D) 2000
30. The Ottawa Treaty (1997) prohibits:
    A) Anti-personnel mines
    B) Nuclear weapons
    C) Chemical warfare
    D) Biological weapons
31. “Internally Displaced Persons” are defined as:
    A) Persons displaced within their own country
    B) Refugees
    C) Migrants abroad
    D) Stateless persons
32. The UNHCR was established in:
    A) 1950
    B) 1949
    C) 1955
    D) 1960
33. The UN body dealing with peacekeeping operations is:
    A) Security Council
    B) ICJ
    C) General Assembly
    D) ECOSOC
34. The “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) doctrine was endorsed in:
    A) 2005
    B) 2001
    C) 2010
    D) 1999
35. The ICJ settles disputes between:
    A) States only
    B) Individuals
    C) Corporations
    D) NGOs
36. Arbitration is a method of:
    A) Peaceful settlement of disputes
    B) Armed retaliation
    C) Political negotiation
    D) Mediation only
37. Conciliation differs from arbitration because:
    A) Its decision is not binding
    B) It is judicial
    C) It involves force
    D) It is part of war
38. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was adopted in:
    A) 1982
    B) 1977
    C) 1980
    D) 1995
39. The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) extends up to:
    A) 200 nautical miles
    B) 12 nautical miles
    C) 150 nautical miles
    D) 50 nautical miles
40. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) is located at:
    A) Hamburg
    B) The Hague
    C) Geneva
    D) Rome
41. The WTO was established in:
    A) 1995
    B) 1994
    C) 1996
    D) 1998
42. The Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) is a part of:
    A) WTO
    B) UN
    C) ICJ
    D) ILO
43. Which is a fundamental principle of WTO?
    A) Non-discrimination
    B) Sovereignty
    C) Reciprocity
    D) Nationalization
44. The Appellate Body under WTO was established for:
    A) Reviewing dispute settlement decisions
    B) Drafting new treaties
    C) Reviewing ICJ judgments
    D) Monitoring trade sanctions
45. The principle “Nullum crimen sine lege” means:
    A) No crime without law
    B) Ignorance of law is no excuse
    C) No punishment without cause
    D) All acts are legal
46. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted in:
    A) 1948
    B) 1950
    C) 1949
    D) 1952
47. The “Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property” was adopted in:
    A) 1954
    B) 1945
    C) 1970
    D) 1960
48. Geneva Conventions apply in:
    A) Armed conflicts
    B) Trade disputes
    C) Peacetime negotiations
    D) Domestic disputes
49. The Red Crescent emblem is used in:
    A) Muslim countries
    B) Western countries
    C) Asian countries only
    D) European nations
50. The biggest challenge in implementing IHL today is:
    A) Non-state armed groups
    B) Climate change
    C) Globalisation
    D) Political instability

✅ Answers – Test 2

1-A, 2-A, 3-A, 4-A, 5-A, 6-A, 7-A, 8-A, 9-A, 10-A, 11-A, 12-A, 13-A, 14-A, 15-C, 16-A, 17-A, 18-A, 19-A, 20-A, 21-A, 22-A, 23-A, 24-A, 25-A, 26-A, 27-A, 28-A, 29-A, 30-A, 31-A, 32-A, 33-A, 34-A, 35-A, 36-A, 37-A, 38-A, 39-A, 40-A, 41-A, 42-A, 43-A, 44-A, 45-A, 46-A, 47-A, 48-A, 49-A, 50-A.