TEST – 1
- The term ‘Jurisprudence’ is derived from which language?
A. Latin
B. Greek
C. French
D. English - The word ‘Jurisprudence’ literally means—
A. Theory of Justice
B. Knowledge of Law
C. Practice of Law
D. Science of Legislation - Who defined law as “the command of the sovereign”?
A. Austin
B. Salmond
C. Kelsen
D. Bentham - According to Salmond, the sources of law include—
A. Legislation, Precedent, Custom
B. Statute and Constitution only
C. Morality and Religion
D. Executive Orders - Custom as a source of law derives its validity from—
A. Court recognition
B. Long usage and acceptance
C. Legislative approval
D. Religious sanction - The analytical school of jurisprudence is also called—
A. Historical school
B. Positive school
C. Sociological school
D. Realist school - Who is regarded as the founder of the Historical School?
A. Savigny
B. Austin
C. Salmond
D. Holland - The Realist School of Jurisprudence primarily developed in—
A. England
B. France
C. United States
D. Germany - According to Kelsen, law is—
A. A system of commands
B. A hierarchy of norms
C. Moral order
D. A natural right - The ‘Pure Theory of Law’ is associated with—
A. Hans Kelsen
B. John Austin
C. H.L.A. Hart
D. Bentham - Who propounded the “Living Law” theory?
A. Ehrlich
B. Savigny
C. Roscoe Pound
D. Duguit - The concept of “law and morality” is most closely associated with—
A. Natural Law School
B. Analytical School
C. Historical School
D. Realist School - “Law without moral content is empty” reflects—
A. Legal positivism
B. Natural law theory
C. Realism
D. Marxism - Bentham’s utilitarian theory is based on—
A. Duty
B. Justice
C. Greatest happiness of the greatest number
D. Liberty - Rights and duties are—
A. Independent
B. Correlative
C. Opposite
D. Unrelated - According to Hohfeld, “Duty” correlates with—
A. Power
B. Right
C. Privilege
D. Liability - Legal personality means—
A. Capacity to bear duties only
B. Recognition as a subject of rights and duties
C. Only physical existence
D. Corporate status - “Corporation sole” refers to—
A. A group of individuals
B. One person holding an office
C. A partnership
D. Government - Ownership and possession differ primarily in terms of—
A. Control and intention
B. Legal recognition
C. Economic use
D. Social value - Ownership means—
A. Physical control
B. Exclusive right to use and dispose
C. Custody
D. Temporary possession - Possession in law consists of—
A. Animus and corpus
B. Title only
C. Control only
D. Benefit and risk - The concept of liability arises when—
A. There is a breach of duty
B. There is ownership
C. There is consent
D. There is morality - Civil liability generally arises from—
A. Breach of contract or tort
B. Criminal act
C. Religious offence
D. Moral duty - Strict liability was established in—
A. Rylands v. Fletcher
B. Donoghue v. Stevenson
C. Ashby v. White
D. Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. - Vicarious liability means—
A. Liability for own acts
B. Liability for others’ acts
C. Joint ownership
D. Collective right - Who said “Law is the means of social engineering”?
A. Roscoe Pound
B. Duguit
C. Savigny
D. Kelsen - Law and poverty relate to—
A. Access to justice
B. Judicial activism
C. Rule of law
D. All of the above - Legal aid is a tool for—
A. Promoting the rule of law
B. Ensuring equality before the law
C. Access to justice for the poor
D. All of the above - The concept of global justice includes—
A. Human rights and equality
B. Trade and economics only
C. National sovereignty
D. Regional law only - The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in—
A. 1948
B. 1950
C. 1966
D. 1945 - Post-modernism in law challenges—
A. Objectivity and certainty
B. Individual freedom
C. Moral obligations
D. Equality - Modernism emphasises—
A. Reason and rationality
B. Relativism
C. Emotion
D. Skepticism - The maxim Ubi jus ibi remedium means—
A. Where there is right, there is a remedy
B. Law is supreme
C. Ignorance of the law is no excuse
D. Justice delayed is justice denied - “Rule of Law” implies—
A. Supremacy of law
B. Discretion of the ruler
C. Arbitrary governance
D. Religious dominance - Dicey is associated with—
A. Rule of Law
B. Separation of Powers
C. Social Contract
D. Pure Theory - The concept of “Volksgeist” was given by—
A. Savigny
B. Austin
C. Bentham
D. Roscoe Pound - The Indian Constitution is primarily based on—
A. Legal positivism
B. Natural justice principles
C. Religious ethics
D. Customary practices - Who among the following is a natural law theorist?
A. St. Thomas Aquinas
B. Austin
C. Bentham
D. Kelsen - “Sociological Jurisprudence” focuses on—
A. Relationship between law and society
B. Command of the sovereign
C. Religious texts
D. Abstract theory - Who said “Law is a social institution which may be used to serve social purpose”?
A. Roscoe Pound
B. Duguit
C. Kelsen
D. Hart - “Rule of recognition” was proposed by—
A. H.L.A. Hart
B. Austin
C. Kelsen
D. Bentham - Who defined jurisprudence as “the formal science of positive law”?
A. Holland
B. Austin
C. Kelsen
D. Savigny - Which of the following is not a source of law?
A. Custom
B. Precedent
C. Religion
D. Constitution - Legal rights are recognised by—
A. State
B. Society
C. Religion
D. Morality - The liability of minors in tort is—
A. Absolute
B. Conditional
C. Limited
D. None - Possession in fact, refers to—
A. Physical control
B. Legal title
C. Ownership
D. Intention - “Negligence” is a breach of—
A. Moral duty
B. Legal duty of care
C. Criminal duty
D. Fiduciary obligation - Liability without fault is called—
A. Strict liability
B. Vicarious liability
C. Conditional liability
D. Collective liability - Which of the following is a corporate person?
A. State
B. A company
C. Municipality
D. All of the above - The concept of “justice as fairness” is propounded by—
A. John Rawls
B. Bentham
C. Kelsen
D. Hart
✅ ANSWER KEY
Test–1 (1–50):
1-A, 2-B, 3-A, 4-A, 5-B, 6-B, 7-A, 8-C, 9-B, 10-A, 11-A, 12-A, 13-B, 14-C, 15-B, 16-B, 17-B, 18-B, 19-A, 20-B, 21-A, 22-A, 23-A, 24-A, 25-B, 26-A, 27-D, 28-D, 29-A, 30-A, 31-A, 32-A, 33-A, 34-A, 35-A, 36-A, 37-B, 38-A, 39-A, 40-A, 41-A, 42-A, 43-C, 44-A, 45-C, 46-A, 47-B, 48-A, 49-D, 50-A.