Wed. Feb 11th, 2026
Course Content
Economic & Social Issues (ESI)
Study Material for NABARD Prelims - Economic & Social Issues (ESI) (Focus on Rural India) Nature of the Indian Economy Inflation Poverty Alleviation & Employment Generation Population Trends Rural Banking & Financial Institutions Globalization Social Structure in India Education & Social Justice Positive Discrimination for the Underprivileged
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Agriculture & Rural Development (focus on Rural India) (ARD)
Agriculture: Agronomy, Cropping Systems, Seed Production, Meteorology, Soil Conservation, Water Resources, Farm Engineering, Plantation & Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Forestry, Agriculture Extensions, Ecology & Climate Change Rural Development: Concepts, Rural Development Programs, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Rural Credit, SHGs, NGOs.
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NABARD – Prelims – Study Material

Education & Social Justice

  1. Right to Education – Article 21A guarantees free schooling for children 6–14. It promotes equality.
  2. NEP 2020 – Focuses on holistic learning and skill development. It restructures education systems.
  3. Literacy Improvement – Literacy rates have increased. Female literacy still needs improvement.
  4. Gender Equality in Education – Policies encourage girls’ enrollment. Scholarships and hostels help.
  5. Inclusive Education – Ensures disabled students receive equal opportunities. Schools must adopt barrier-free access.
  6. Mid-Day Meal Scheme – Provides nutrition to schoolchildren. Increases attendance and learning.
  7. Reservation in Education – SC, ST, and OBC groups receive reservations. It promotes equality.
  8. Adult Education – Helps adults learn literacy and skills. Enhances employability.
  9. Digital Education Expansion – Online platforms support remote learning. Digital literacy is essential.
  10. Vocational Training – Enhances job skills. Helps reduce unemployment.
  11. Teacher Training – Improves learning quality. NEP stresses continuous training.
  12. Infrastructure Development – Schools need classrooms, electricity, and internet. Infrastructure boosts learning outcomes.
  13. Higher Education Growth – India has a large university network. Quality improvement remains a priority.
  14. Education for Minorities – Special schemes help minority students. It promotes inclusion.
  15. Scholarships and Financial Aid – Support economically weaker students. Ensures equal access.
  16. Women’s Empowerment through Education Leads to better income, health, and decision-making. It supports gender equality.
  17. Curriculum Reforms – Aim to reduce rote learning. Promote creativity and critical thinking.
  18. Public vs Private Education – Both sectors contribute to education. Quality varies widely.
  19. Skill Development Mission – Strengthens employability. Focuses on industry-relevant skills.
  20. Digital Divide Impact – Rural students face digital access issues. Government initiatives aim to reduce gaps.
  21. Social Equity through Education – Education reduces discrimination. Promotes an inclusive society.
  22. Community Participation – Local communities assist in school management. It improves accountability.
  23. Anganwadi System – Provides early childhood education. Supports nutrition and health.
  24. Dropout Rates – Many drop out due to poverty and child labour. Incentives help reduce dropouts.
  25. Education Quality Challenges – Teacher shortages and outdated methods persist. Reforms aim to improve standards.