LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
India’s legislative process is integral to democracy, involving multiple stages of discussion, debate, and approval. The process differs slightly for ordinary bills, money bills, and constitutional amendments.
- Stages of Passing a Bill:
- Introduction: A bill is introduced in either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha, except for money bills, which must be introduced in the Lok Sabha.
- First Reading: The bill is introduced and published in the Gazette.
- Second Reading: Detailed examination and discussion of the bill take place. The bill is referred to a standing committee or discussed in the House.
- Third Reading: The bill is discussed and voted on. If passed by one House, it moves to the other.
- Presidential Assent: After both Houses pass the bill, it is sent to the President, who can either sign, withhold, or return the bill (except money bills).
- Money Bills:
- Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha and must receive the President’s prior recommendation. The Rajya Sabha has limited powers over money bills, being able to only make recommendations.
- Constitutional Amendments:
- Amending the Constitution requires a special majority in Parliament. Some amendments also require ratification by half of the State legislatures.
Key Terms
- Bill: A proposal for new legislation.
- Money Bill: A bill related solely to taxation or government spending.
- Special Majority: A higher threshold of votes is required for passing constitutional amendments.
- First Reading: The introduction and general discussion of a bill.
- Committee Stage: Detailed examination of the bill by a parliamentary committee.
- Presidential Assent: The President’s approval, is required for a bill to become law.
Review Questions
- What are the steps involved in the passage of an ordinary bill in Parliament?
- How does a money bill differ from an ordinary bill?
- What is the role of the President in the legislative process?
- How are constitutional amendments passed in Parliament?