Poverty Alleviation & Employment Generation

1. Meaning of Poverty – Poverty is the inability to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare. It reduces human development and productivity.
2. Types of Poverty – Absolute poverty refers to minimum subsistence levels, while relative poverty measures inequality. Both forms exist in India.
3. Causes of Poverty – Low income, unemployment, and lack of education contribute heavily. Structural issues like caste and region also matter.
4. MGNREGA – Provides 100 days of guaranteed rural employment per year. It reduces rural distress and supports livelihood security.
5. PMAY – Aims to provide affordable housing to the poor. It improves living conditions and supports construction employment.
6. National Food Security Act (NFSA) – Ensures subsidized food grains to vulnerable households. It addresses hunger and malnutrition.
7. Skill India Mission – Focuses on skill development for youth. It enhances employability across sectors.
8. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) – Targets rural youth for employment training. It promotes wage-based jobs in high-growth industries.
9. Start-Up India – Encourages entrepreneurship among youth. It generates jobs and innovation.
10. Stand-Up India – Provides credit to women and SC/ST entrepreneurs. It supports inclusive economic growth.
11. PMEGP – Promotes micro-enterprises through credit-linked subsidies. It increases self-employment in rural areas.
12. Self Help Groups (SHGs) – Promote savings and microcredit among rural women. They empower women and reduce poverty.
13. Livelihood Mission (NRLM) – Aims to reduce poverty through sustainable livelihood promotion. It strengthens SHG networks.
14. Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction – Higher agricultural productivity raises rural incomes. It directly reduces poverty.
15. Urban Poverty Issues – Urban slums lack basic facilities. Urban employment schemes are needed.
16. Seasonal Unemployment – Common in agriculture. Rural diversification can reduce this.
17. Underemployment – Many work in jobs that don’t match skills. Better vocational training is essential.
18. Inclusive Development – Focuses on bringing marginalized groups into growth processes. It ensures equal opportunities.
19. Financial Inclusion – Access to banking helps poor households manage money and invest in education. PMJDY played a major role.
20. Microfinance – Small loans help self-employment. It supports rural entrepreneurship.
21. Social Security Schemes – Schemes like PMJJBY and PMSBY provide affordable insurance. They protect poor families from income shocks.
22. Education & Poverty – Better education reduces poverty generations. It improves earning opportunities.
23. Health & Poverty – Ill health drains savings and reduces productivity. Health insurance schemes help reduce poverty.
24. Green Jobs – Renewable energy and waste management create new employment avenues. They support sustainable development.
25. Digital Economy Employment – E-commerce and gig platforms create flexible job opportunities. Rural digital training can increase participation.