Farm Engineering

1. Farm Engineering – Definition
   Farm engineering applies engineering principles to agriculture for efficient farm production and resource use.
2. Scope of Farm Engineering
   It covers farm machinery, soil and water engineering, farm structures, and renewable energy.
3. Tillage Implements
   Tillage implements like ploughs and harrows prepare soil for sowing and root development.
4. Primary Tillage
   Primary tillage breaks and loosens soil using implements such as a mouldboard plough.
5. Secondary Tillage
   Secondary tillage refines soil to create a fine seedbed using harrows and cultivators.
6. Sowing Equipment
   Seed drills and planters ensure uniform seed placement and proper depth.
7. Transplanting Equipment
   Transplanters reduce labour and ensure uniform spacing, especially in paddy cultivation.
8. Intercultural Implements
   Implements like hoes and weeders control weeds and improve soil aeration.
9. Harvesting Equipment
   Harvesters and reapers reduce harvest time and post-harvest losses.
10. Threshing Equipment
    Threshers separate grains from harvested crops efficiently.
11. Farm Power – Definition
    Farm power refers to energy sources used in agricultural operations.
12. Sources of Farm Power
    Human, animal, mechanical, electrical, solar, and wind power are used in agriculture.
13. Tractors in Agriculture
    Tractors provide mechanical power for ploughing, hauling, and operating implements.
14. Farm Mechanization
    Mechanization improves productivity, reduces drudgery, and saves labor.
15. Farm Structures
    Farm structures include storage godowns, cattle sheds, and machinery sheds.
16. Grain Storage Structures
    Proper storage prevents pest infestation and post-harvest losses.
17. Renewable Energy in Farms
    Solar pumps and biogas plants provide sustainable energy solutions.
18. Irrigation Engineering
    Irrigation engineering designs canals, pipelines, and water application systems.
19. Drainage Engineering
    Drainage systems remove excess water and prevent waterlogging.
20. Soil and Water Engineering
    It focuses on erosion control, moisture conservation, and land development.
21. Post-Harvest Engineering
    Post-harvest engineering improves processing, storage, and value addition.
22. Farm Safety
    Farm safety measures reduce accidents and ensure safe machinery operation.
23. Precision Farming
    Precision farming uses GPS and sensors for efficient input application.
24. Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs)
    CHCs provide farm machinery on rent to small and marginal farmers.
25. Farm Engineering and NABARD
    NABARD supports mechanization and CHCs through rural credit and subsidies.