Government Schemes in India

1. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana
   • Objective: Provide 300 units of free electricity monthly to 1 crore households by leveraging rooftop solar panels.
   • Benefits:
     • Helps households save Rs. 15,000–18,000 annually.
     • Promotes the adoption of renewable energy and supports the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs).
   • Significance: Reduces dependency on fossil fuels and aligns with India’s commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070.
2. Vigyan Dhara Scheme
   • Purpose: Streamline India’s science and technology programs by merging three major schemes.
   • Key Focus Areas:
     • Strengthen research and development (R&D) infrastructure.
     • Promote diverse research, including sustainable energy and water solutions.
     • Increase women’s participation in STEM fields.
   • Impact: Positions India as a global leader in innovation and sustainable technologies​
3. Employment-Linked Incentive Scheme
   • Aim: Boost job creation in the formal sector with wage support and EPFO contribution incentives.
   • Focus: Target industries include manufacturing, digital services, and renewable energy.
4. Atmanirbhar Oilseeds Abhiyan
   • Objective: Achieve self-sufficiency in oilseed production (e.g., mustard, sunflower).
   • Strategies:
     • Offer crop insurance.
     • Promote modern agricultural practices.
   • Significance: Reduces India’s dependency on edible oil imports and strengthens the agricultural economy.

National Affairs

1. India’s G20 Leadership Legacy
   • Key initiatives from India’s 2023 G20 presidency are still active:
     • Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI): India’s model for digital payment systems like UPI is being adopted globally.
     • Global Biofuels Alliance: India is collaborating with major nations to promote biofuel adoption.
2. Expansion of Semiconductor Manufacturing
   • India launched new policies to attract global investments in semiconductor production.
   • Companies like Intel and TSMC have shown interest in setting up manufacturing plants.
3. Judicial and Electoral Reforms
   • Discussions are ongoing about simultaneous elections (One Nation, One Election) to streamline the electoral process.
   • Recent Supreme Court decisions on civil liberties and minority rights have been landmark rulings influencing governance​

International Affairs

1. Israel-Gaza Conflict
   • The ongoing conflict has strained international relations, with India advocating for de-escalation and dialogue.
   • Humanitarian assistance is being provided under India’s “Neighbourhood First” policy.
2. India’s Climate Diplomacy
   • At the COP29 summit, India reaffirmed its commitment to renewable energy expansion and green hydrogen technology.
   • Partnership with Sweden on “Green Steel” aims to revolutionize the industrial sector globally​
3. Global Trade Developments
   • India signed free trade agreements (FTAs) with the UK and Canada in 2024, enhancing trade in pharmaceuticals, textiles, and IT.

Science and Technology

1. AI Data Bank Initiative
   • Purpose: Centralize India’s artificial intelligence datasets to foster research and innovation.
   • Benefits: Improves AI development in sectors like healthcare, education, and transportation.
2. ISRO Missions
   • Mars Mission 2: Preparations are underway for a new Mars exploration project.
   • Gaganyaan: India’s human spaceflight program is set for a 2025 launch.
   • Significance: Position India as a key player in global space exploration.
3. Technological Innovations in Health
   • Deployment of telemedicine platforms in rural areas to ensure access to quality healthcare.
   • Focus on genomics and personalized medicine to advance disease prevention and treatment.
4. Vigyan Dhara’s Role in Technology
   • Supports research in clean energy and AI ethics while enhancing international collaboration on critical technologies​

​Key Takeaways for CLAT 2025

• Understand the socio-economic and legal implications of these schemes and developments.
• Focus on how these updates align with constitutional principles, global treaties, and public policy goals.
• For Science and Technology, relate innovations to intellectual property laws, data protection regulations, and ethical considerations.

For preparation, track updates from reliable sources like The Hindu, PIB, and government portals.